The IBGE, in tune with technological evolution as the manager of the Brazilian Geodetic System (SGB), has adopted the SIRGAS2000 reference system in February 2005. This technology is used together or separately, in the obtention of three-dimensional coordinates (latitude, longitude and ellipsoidal or geometric altitude). GPS (Global Positioning System, the North American System) is the most popular and know GNSS, but there are others such as GLONASS (Russian), Galileo (European) and BeiDou (Chinese). Systems such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and Beidou democratized the obtention of coordinates With the bigger use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS, there was a revolution in georeferencing activities, allowing every person with a to obtain coordinates in the same reference system anywhere on the planet,” says the coordinator. Also, each country adopted its own reference system, making complex the sharing of geographic information in frontier regions. “These activities would last months, from the taking of measurements up to the conclusion of calculation. They took measurements using optical equipment and procedures and extensive calculation to obtain a pair of coordinates a point on the surface of a solid, the ellipsoid, a mathematical representation closer to the Earth’s surface. Up to the beginning of the 1990’s, the process of obtention of coordinates was concentrated in professionals such as topographers and engineer surveyors or cartographers. However, to be shared on several databases, these pieces of information need to be related to one same reference system. The IBGE Geodetics and Cartography coordinator, Sonia Maria Alves Costa, explains that it is possible to represent any type of information on the Earth surface on a map, by means of a mathematical system of coordinates, in a bidimensional way (latitude and longitude) or 3-dimensional (latitude, longitude and altitude). Why has the new Reference System been adopted? That will make it easier for developers to transform coordinates between systems in a transparente way for users and their applications. Another advantage of the online version is the simpler maintenance by the IBGE, in comparison with a desktop application, and the possibility of being executed from different platforms and operational systems, not being restricted to Windows.Īlso expected for this year is the release of API (Application Program Interface) of ProGriD. This way, a big volume of information can be subject with expected response in a few minutes, depending on the user’s Internet connection. With the new web application, the average response time is of approximately one minute for files with up to 100 thousand points. Also, the transformation of a big number of points takes a long time. The desktop version of ProGriD was made available to users in 2009, however, due to the several updates of the Windows platform, some problems started to occur in the transformation by means of grids – one of the transformation methods. The new tool will be available only on the IBGE websiteand provides users with a significant improvement of the service by means of the online calculation, in comparison with the desktop version. The online application also supports different formats of coordinates. ![]() ProGriD Online replaces the desktop version, which has not been updated for new versions of the Windows environment. ![]() The IBGE has released today (29) ProGriD Online, an application for the transformation of coordinates between previous classic reference systems, mainly those adopted in Brazil – such as Córrego Alegre and SAD 69 –, and SIRGAS2000, the currently used reference system, adopted since 2005 all over the national territory. ![]() New application facilitates transformation of coordinates between classic reference systems and the currently used one - Photo: Art on mockup The application is used by professionals that work with geographic information systems and cartographic bases that still have reference information in the former systems.The release of ProGriD’s API is also expected for this year, thus facilitating the promotion of coordinate transformation in its applications.With this new online application, the average response time is of approximately one minute for files with 100 thousand points.Available on the IBGE website, ProGrid Online guarantees significant improvement in transformation, in comparison with the previous desktop version.A new online version transfers coordinates between classic reference systems previously adopted in Brazil - Córrego Alegre and SAD 69 –, and SIRGAS2000, the system currently used and in effect since 2005.
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![]() Setting launch parameters in Steam.GameData folder to continue.
![]() If Xcode.app was installed: ls -al /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/ If CommandLineTools was installed: ls -al /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools If Xcode.app was installed, you would see (at time of writing): Apple clang version 14.0.3 (clang-1403.0.22.14.1) InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin ![]() Previously, it was instead: Configured with: -prefix=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr -with-gxx-include-dir=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1Īpple clang version 13.0.0 (clang-1300.0.29.3)Ĭonfigured with: -prefix=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr -with-gxx-include-dir=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1Īpple clang version 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.62)Īpple LLVM version 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.46.4) InstalledDir: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin If the program is using CommandLineTools, you would see (at time of this writing): Apple clang version 15.0.0 (clang-1500.0.28.1.1) If the response is “command not found”, it’s not installed. Verify the version of GCC installed: gcc -version Use `sudo Xcode-select -switch path/to/Xcode.app` to specify the Xcode that you wish to use for command line developer tools, or use `Xcode-select -install` to install the standalone command line developer tools.Īgain, if “Command not found” appears, either install CommandLineTools or install XCode.app, then return here. If neither is installed: xcrun: error: active developer path ("/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools") does not exist Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/gcc If Xcode.app is installed, the response would be: Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/gcc If Command Line Utilities is installed, the response would be: To identify the path to one of the utilities (gcc), use the xcrun utility that comes with macOS: xcrun -find gcc If the Xcode-select command is not found, choose to either install Command Line Tools or install the full Xcode IDE. ![]() Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer If XCode.app was installed, you should instead see:.If XCode CLI was installed, you should see:.In a Terminal window, find out what has been installed: xcode-select -p Use Apple’s xcode-select command to identify where to find gcc and other Apple Developer utilities: Developers using Mac Books but NOT developing apps to run on an Apple platform can install just the CommandLineTools. Library/Developer/CommandLineTools => if installed using CommandLineToolsĬhoose one. $HOME/Applications/Xcode.app => if installed using Apple’s Xcode IDE Utilities needed can be obtained from two different folders, installed two different ways: “PROTIP:” here highlight information I haven’t seen elsewhere on the internetīecause it is hard-won, little-know but significant factsīased on my personal research and experience. Not intended to represent any employer (past or present). NOTE: Content here are my personal opinions, and This tutorial describes how to install several utilities needed by developers running HomeBrew, Python, and other programs on Macs: Install XCode from Apple’s web App Store. Ideal for spectacular colors, ornamental beauty, and easy maintenance.įast Growing Privacy Trees in West VirginiaĪs property in West Virginia continues to be developed, land owners are searching for trees that will provide privacy from prying neighborly eyes and loud, unwanted noise. Ideal for bearing fruit, providing character, and moving between inside or outside. Ideal for continuous color, adaptable growing conditions, and landscaping designs. Ideal for providing fast-growing shade, year-round beauty, and drought resistance. If you’re looking for some quick ideas on what to plant, consider the following trees as expert-tested and The Tree Center approved: ![]() Read about the specifics for your state in the following sections. Despite the profitable and aesthetic benefits of the Sugar Maple, West Virginian growers have hundreds of trees to choose from when planting.ĭue to its small size, geographical features, and varying temperatures, the smart West Virginian grower will need to consider the following: Although the Sugar Maples are valuable for their tourism, as the fall foliage can be an uneven coloring of reds and greens throughout the autumn, Sugar Maples are also valuable for the famous product they provide: maple syrup. The Sugar Maple has large, deciduous leaves, stretching to almost 8 inches in both length and width. ![]() This deciduous tree usually grows between 80 and 115 feet tall, with exceptional specimens reaching 148 feet. The Mountain State is known for many geographical and cultural features, not the least of which is the Sugar Maple, which grows abundantly throughout the state. ![]() The key of E minor and the guitar chords required of it are easy to play, so it’s worth your while to learn to play them well. The E Minor Chord Position on the Guitar: A Cakewalk If you want to learn more about minor scales and how they work, read this. Once you know that, you can find the relative minor of any major key just by counting down three half-tones- or three frets on your guitar! A minor key is always three half-tones lower than its relative major. Why? Because both have the same key signature- one sharp (F#). The key of E minor is the relative minor of the key of G major. Heavy metal composers also like it, probably for the same reasons- but also for the moody sound! Classical guitarists like Manuela Grabsch often find themselves playing E minor compositions. The key of E minor is popular with classical guitar composers, possibly because it fits the guitar so naturally most of the strings of the basic E minor chord position are left open, and the lowest and highest tones in the chord are the tonic, E. 9 (“From the New World”), Scheherazade by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and The Lark Ascending by Ralph Vaughan Williams Some famous modern classical compositions have been written in E minor, including Antonín Dvořák’s Symphony No. “‘Another Way to Die,’ the heavy metal theme song from Quantum of Solace, was written in E minor, a key suggesting James Bond’s tragic beginnings as well as his inevitable victories.” Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov wrote his ballet Scheherazade in E minor. It expresses the pain of unrequited love, for example, but quickly moves on to acknowledge that there are other fish in the sea. ![]() Just A Few Great Songs in the Key of E MinorĮ Minor History Lesson: The Sad But Stoic Quantum of Solace KeyĮ minor is the key of brief sadness, the kind of sadness that doesn’t have time to turn into despair because it recovers so fast.Optional Information: Harmonic and Melodic Minors.Theory and Practice: The Pattern of the E Minor Scale Explained.The E Minor Chord Position on the Guitar: A Cakewalk.E Minor History Lesson: The Sad But Stoic Quantum of Solace Key. Assimilation Procedure Interrupted – Don’t let a spore transform.Hothead – Hit 50 targeted headshots with the MP (Makarov).Avatar – Kill 10 burning enemies, 10 electrified ones and 10 frozen ones.Hands-on the Hood – Run over 20 enemies with one car.Triple Penetration – Kill 3 enemies with a single ralgun shot.Alcoholics Anonymous – Get drunk on vodka and kill 5 enemies.Quite an Achievement – Clean the VDNH complex. ![]()
Well, with a little more care and thought, these temporary music tracks can become the final score. Why use music which is less good when there is such a multitude of great orchestral music available from the past and from our own time? When you're editing a film, it's very helpful to be able to try out different pieces of music to see how they work with the scene. Kubrick and company had originally commissioned seasoned film composer Alex North, whose work can be heard in classic films such as Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf, A Streetcar Named Desire, and Spartacus, to create an original classical score for 2001: A Space Odyssey. As you're about to hear, it's not quite what Kubrick had in mind.Īlthough it's hard to say whether or not this particular section of North's original score was actually meant to underpin the film's opening - I have my doubts that it was - it's still fairly clear that the opening feels sorely lacking without the Strauss piece and that some of the cheerful, antiquated horn riffs in the score just weren't what Kubrick had in mind for his philosophical space epic.Īs for how Kubrick ended up with the musical choices that we've all come to know and love (well, most of us anyway), here's what he had to say about the process in an old interview with Michel Ciment. I'm talking, of course, about the opening sequence to Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey, which featured the previously little-known tone poem "Thus Spake Zarathrustra" by German composer Richard Strauss. It's even rarer that that scene is a monumental one in cinema's history and features one of the most iconic pieces of music ever written. ![]() ![]() It's not often that we get a chance to view a famous scene with music that didn't make the final cut. |
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